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Breast Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)

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Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Simple Guide

What Is BIA-ALCL?

Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (a cancer of the immune system) that has been linked to breast implants. It is important to note that BIA-ALCL is not breast cancer; rather, it is a cancer of the immune cells found around the implant.

Because BIA-ALCL is a relatively new disease discovery, researchers are still learning about it.

How Common Is It?

The risk of developing BIA-ALCL is low but not zero. Current estimates suggest the risk ranges from 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 10,000 people with breast implants.

  • Higher Risk: Seen with textured implants compared to smooth implants.
  • Lower Risk: Smooth implants appear to have a much lower risk.

What Are the Symptoms?

The most common sign of BIA-ALCL is:

  • Swelling of the breast, often caused by a buildup of fluid around the implant (seroma).

Other possible symptoms include:

  • Breast pain
  • Lumps near the implant or in the armpit
  • Changes in breast shape or size

These symptoms typically develop 7-10 years after the implant surgery.

How Is It Diagnosed?

If BIA-ALCL is suspected, your doctor may recommend:

  • Ultrasound or MRI to detect fluid around the implant
  • Biopsy or fluid sample from around the implant to look for cancer cells
  • PET or CT scans to check if the lymphoma has spread

How Is It Treated?

The primary treatment for BIA-ALCL includes:

  1. Surgical Removal:
  • Breast implant removal (often from both breasts)
  • Capsulectomy: Removal of the scar tissue (capsule) surrounding the implant
  1. Additional Treatments (if needed):
  • Chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be required if the cancer has spread beyond the capsule.

Early diagnosis and treatment often lead to excellent outcomes.

What Research Is Being Done?

Extensive research is ongoing to better understand BIA-ALCL, its causes, and how to reduce risks. Health organizations worldwide, including the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia, are actively monitoring and updating guidelines as new information becomes available.

For the latest information, visit the TGA Australia’s webpage on BIA-ALCL.

Key Takeaways:

  • BIA-ALCL is rare but important to be aware of if you have breast implants.
  • Textured implants carry a higher risk than smooth ones.
  • Watch for symptoms like breast swelling, pain, or lumps, especially 7-10 years after implant surgery.
  • Early detection and treatment lead to the best outcomes.

If you have concerns about your breast implants, consult your doctor or a specialist in breast health.